當(dāng)分詞表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，可以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式在句中作原因狀語，其邏輯主語須為句中的主語，該短語的作用相當(dāng)于一個原因狀語從句。該從句的謂語動詞須用完成時。如：

　　Having lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.

　　= Because we have lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well. 因為與那個女孩一起生活了五年，我們都非常了解她。

　　現(xiàn)在分詞短語在句中可以作條件狀語，其邏輯主語須為句中的主語，該短語相當(dāng)于一個條件狀語從句。

　　Working hard, you'll succeed. = If you work hard, you'll succeed. 如果你努力工作，你會成功的。

　　Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the park.

　　= If you turn to the left, you will find the path leading to the park. 如果轉(zhuǎn)向左邊，你將找到通向公園的小道。

　　分詞短語在句中作讓步狀語：

　　分詞短語在句中作讓步狀語時，相當(dāng)于一個讓步狀語從句，有時分詞前可以帶有連接詞although, whether, even if, even though。

　　現(xiàn)在分詞短語作讓步狀語，分詞的邏輯主語是句中的主語，變成狀語從句時，需用主動語態(tài)。

　　Weighing almost one hundred jin the stone was moved by him alone.

　　= Although the stone weighted almost one hundred jin, it was moved by him alone. 雖然那塊石頭重將近一百斤，他一個人就把它挪動了。

　　分詞短語在句中作結(jié)果狀語：

　　現(xiàn)在分詞短語在句中可以作結(jié)果狀語，它的邏輯主語便是句中的主語，該短語相當(dāng)于一個結(jié)果狀語從句，且用主動語態(tài)。分詞短語在句中作結(jié)果狀語時，通常位于句末，中間有逗號。有時為了加強語氣，就在分詞前加thus。

　　Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.

　　= Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus it caused the delay. 他們的車遇上交通阻塞，因而耽誤了。