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    現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)

    回答
    愛(ài)揚(yáng)教育

    2022-04-01

    現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響,或是過(guò)去的狀態(tài)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語(yǔ)+have/has +動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞,常搭配的狀語(yǔ)有already、yet、so far等。

    擴(kuò)展資料

      具體用法:

     。1)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或者結(jié)果,而這種影響或者結(jié)果往往是說(shuō)話人的興趣所在。

      常用的狀語(yǔ)有already, yet, not yet, now, just, by this time等。

      例:

      The bus has come here. 公共汽車已經(jīng)來(lái)了。

      Someone has cleaned the window. 有人已經(jīng)擦了窗戶。

     。2)表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在而且可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。

      與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,如today, this week/ month/ summer, lately, recently, these days, so far, in the past few days, since the end of last year, for a long time等。

      例:

      We have lived here for two years. 我們?cè)谶@里住了兩年了。

      注意:瞬間動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)動(dòng)詞

      1 .瞬間動(dòng)詞又叫非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,還叫終止性動(dòng)詞。瞬間動(dòng)詞可以有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài), 但不可以接一段時(shí)間,若要接一段時(shí)間,須要做一些相應(yīng)的變換。

      2. 瞬間動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)態(tài)中的否定式可以接一段時(shí)間。

      常見(jiàn)的瞬間動(dòng)詞:

     。1) 來(lái)(come)、去(go)、到(get to/reach/arrive at)、離(leave)、看(see)、聽(tīng)(說(shuō))hear

     。2) 買(mǎi)(buy)、賣(sell)、開(kāi)(open)、關(guān)(close)、起床(get up)

     。3) 參加(join/take part in)、開(kāi)發(fā)(begin/start)、還(return/give)(與)借(borrow/lend)

     。4) 變成(become/turn)、帶(bring/take)、給(give)、死(die)、完(finish/end)、接(receive/hear from)

      瞬間動(dòng)詞接一段時(shí)間:

      ⑴.將時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)改為時(shí)間段 + ago,句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí).

      eg.我弟弟參軍兩年了. My brother joined the army two years ago.

     、.若保留for+時(shí)間段,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句, 或用在 how long 句型中,則需將終止性動(dòng)詞改為相應(yīng)的狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞或延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

      常見(jiàn)瞬間動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞)的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系:

      come/go/arrive/get/reach/move------be in/at

      open-----be open

      die------be dead

      close----be closed

      become---be

      borrow---keep

      begin/start-----be on

      put on----wear

      leave-----be away (from)

      fall asleep----be asleep

      end/finish-----be over

      catch a cold-----have a cold

      join the army----be in the army be a soldier

      join the Party----be in the Party be a Party member

      例:

      They borrowed the book two weeks ago.他們兩個(gè)星期前借的這本書(shū)。

      → They have kept the book for two weeks.

      A month has passed since he left home. 他離開(kāi)家已經(jīng)一個(gè)月了。

      → He has been away from home for a month.

      注意:以下表示法的含義及用法

      have been (to): 去過(guò)或到過(guò)(某地)(表示某人過(guò)去的經(jīng)歷)

      have gone (to):去(某地)了 (現(xiàn)在可能已在某地)

      have come (to):來(lái)(某地)了 (現(xiàn)在可能已在某地)

      have been in +一段時(shí)間: 已在某地一段時(shí)間了

      例:

      He has been to Hangzhou several times. 他到過(guò)杭州幾次了。

      He has gong to Hangzhou, so he can’t help us. 他去杭州了,所以他不可能幫助我們。

      He has come to our city. Let’s go to visit him. 他已經(jīng)到我們城市來(lái)了,我們?nèi)グ菰L他吧。

      She has been in London for half a year. 她在倫敦已經(jīng)半年了。